Introduction
Iron is an essential trace element for the health and productivity of livestock, pets, and other animals. Ferrous sulfate monohydrate is widely recognized as an effective and reliable source of dietary iron for all animal species and categories. When used responsibly, it helps prevent iron deficiency, supports growth, and improves overall well-being.
This article provides an overview of the recommended safe dosage levels, safety considerations, and environmental impact of using ferrous sulfate monohydrate as a feed additive.
Recommended Dosage Levels for Animals
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) FEEDAP Panel has assessed the safe levels of iron supplementation via ferrous sulfate monohydrate in complete feed. The maximum authorized content of iron (Fe) per kilogram of feed is as follows:
- Bovines and Poultry → up to 450 mg Fe/kg
- Ovines → up to 500 mg Fe/kg
- Pets → up to 600 mg Fe/kg (reduced from 1250 mg)
- Other species/categories (except horses and fish) → up to 750 mg Fe/kg
- Piglets (up to one week before weaning) → a maximum of 250 mg Fe/day
⚠️ Note: Due to insufficient data on horses and fish, the provisional maximum remains 750 mg Fe/kg, though further research is recommended.
Safety Considerations
1. Animal Safety
- Supplementation with ferrous sulfate monohydrate is considered safe at the recommended levels.
- Iron from this additive does not significantly modify iron concentrations in edible tissues or animal products.
2. User/Worker Safety
- Ferrous sulfate monohydrate is irritant and corrosive to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
- It may contain trace levels of nickel (up to 109 mg/kg), which is a known dermal and respiratory sensitizer.
- Long-term inhalation exposure may increase the risk of lung disease. 👉 Proper handling, protective equipment, and workplace safety measures are essential.
3. Environmental Impact
- Considering naturally high concentrations of iron and sulfur in soil and water, supplementation of animal feed with ferrous sulfate monohydrate is not expected to pose an environmental risk.
Conclusion
Ferrous sulfate monohydrate is a safe and effective source of dietary iron when used within recommended dosage limits. Its role in supporting animal nutrition is well-documented, though care must be taken to ensure safe handling due to its irritant and sensitizing properties.
👉 By following dosage guidelines and safety recommendations, producers can maximize the benefits of ferrous sulfate monohydrate while protecting both workers and animals.
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